immoral against the backdrop of innovation because its views of work and sex are very different. Whoever keeps time will determine the moral shape—and the decay rate—of production and reproduction. For example, in the ancient world, the early church made distinct claims about production and reproduction, which put these tiny households in conflict with the empire. The church claimed, for instance, that a leader should be the spouse of one husband or wife (1 Tim. 3) and that fathers should not abandon